Infant Mortality and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders

National data for this population is limited.
In 2022, the infant mortality rate for non-Hispanic Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders was 1.9 times the rate for non-Hispanic whites.1
In 2022, non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander mothers were nearly five times more likely to have received late or no prenatal care than non-Hispanic white mothers.2
The infant mortality rate on the island of Guam was 2.4 times higher than that of non-Hispanic white infants born on the mainland of the United States, in 2022.3

Infant Mortality Rate

Infant mortality, rate per 1,000 live births, 2022
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	Non-Hispanic White	Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander / Non-Hispanic White Ratio
8.5	4.5	1.9

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2024. Infant Mortality in the United States, 2022: Data from the Period Linked Birth/Infant Death File. National Vital Statistics Reports, vol. 73, no. 5. Table 2.

Infant mortality by age of mother, rate per 1,000 live births, 2022
Age of Mother	Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	Non-Hispanic White	Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander / Non-Hispanic White Ratio
Under 20 years	--	10.5	--
20–24 years	--	6.5	--
25–29 years	11.3	4.3	2.6
30–34 years	9.0	3.7	2.4
35–39 years	--	3.7	--
40–54 years	--	5.4	--

Source: CDC, 2024. Infant Mortality in the United States, 2022: Data from the Period Linked Birth/Infant Death File. National Vital Statistics Reports, vol. 73, no. 5. Table 2.

Infant mortality in Guam, rate per 1,000 live births, 2022
Guam	Non-Hispanic White (U.S. National)	Guam / Non-Hispanic White Ratio
10.7	4.5	2.4

Source: CDC, 2024. Infant Mortality in the United States, 2022: Data from the Period Linked Birth/Infant Death File. National Vital Statistics Reports, vol. 73, no. 5. Tables 2 and5.

Infant mortality by U.S.-affiliated territory, estimated rate per 1,000 live births, 2024
	Population	Non-Hispanic White (U.S. National)	Population / Non-Hispanic White Ratio
Guam	10.9	4.5	2.4
Marshall Islands	20.6	4.5	4.6
Northern Mariana Islands	11.9	4.5	2.6
Palau	10.8	4.5	2.4
American Samoa	9.7	4.5	2.2
Federated States of Micronesia	20.9	4.5	4.6

Source: Central Intelligence Agency, 2024. The World Factbook. Infant Mortality Rate, and CDC, 2024. Infant Mortality in the United States, 2022: Data from the Period Linked Birth/Infant Death File. National Vital Statistics Reports, vol. 73, no. 5. Table 2.

Leading Causes of Infant Mortality

National data not available at this time.

Medical and Health Characteristics of Births

Mother received late or no prenatal care, percentage, 2022
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	Non-Hispanic White	Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander / Non-Hispanic White Ratio
22.4	4.7	4.8

Source: CDC, 2024. Births: Final Data for 2022. National Vital Statistics Reports, vol. 73, no. 2. Table 13.

Mother smoked during pregnancy, percentage, 2022
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	Non-Hispanic White	Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander / Non-Hispanic White Ratio
2.1	5.4	0.4

Source: CDC, 2024. Births: Final Data for 2022. National Vital Statistics Reports, vol. 73, no. 2. Table 13.

1 Infant Mortality in the United States, 2022: Data from the Period Linked Birth/Infant Death File. National Vital Statistics Reports, vol. 73, no. 5. Table 2. (Back to top)

2 CDC, 2024. Births: Final Data for 2022. National Vital Statistics Reports, vol. 73, no. 2. Table 13. (Back to top)

3 CDC, 2024. Infant Mortality in the United States, 2022: Data from the Period Linked Birth/Infant Death File. National Vital Statistics Reports, vol. 73, no. 5. Table 5. (Back to top)