Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Health

Immunizations and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders

National data on immunization rates among Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander populations is limited. Available data indicates that Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders often have lower immunization rates than non-Hispanic whites.

  • Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander adults were 40% less likely to have ever received a pneumonia vaccine than non-Hispanic white adults in 2023.1
  • Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander children born in 2020 were 20% less likely to be fully vaccinated by age 24 months than non-Hispanic white children.2
  • In 2021, non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander adolescents were 50% more likely to have received the recommended doses of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine than non-Hispanic white adolescents.3

Adults

Hepatitis B

Adults ages 19–49 who received at least one dose ever of the hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine, percentage, 2021
Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNative Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
--48.4--
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2024. Vaccination Coverage among Adults in the United States, National Health Interview Survey, 2021. Table 4. Estimated proportion of adults aged ≥19 years who received hepatitis B vaccination, by age group, increased-risk status, and race and ethnicity.

Influenza

Adults age 65 and older who received the influenza (flu) vaccine, age-adjusted percentage, 2023–2024 season
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
--70.9--
Source: CDC, 2024. Flu Vaccination Coverage, United States, 2023–2024 Influenza Season. Flu Vaccination Coverage by Race/Ethnicity and Age Group, Adults, United States, 2023–24 Season.
Adults age 65 and older who received a flu vaccination during the past 12 months, by Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander single race subgroup, crude percentage, 2014
PopulationPopulation /
All NH/PI Ratio		Population /
White Ratio
White71.41.1--
All NH/PI67.3--0.9
Native Hawaiian62.70.90.9
Pacific Islander73.31.11.0
Samoan70.61.01.0
Guamanian or Chamorro73.21.11.0
Other Pacific Islander76.01.11.1
Source: CDC, 2017. National Center for Health Statistics. Health Care Access and Utilization Among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Persons in the United States, 2014. Table 6.
Adults age 18 and over who received the flu vaccine in the past 12 months, percentage, 2023
Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNative Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
40.050.40.8
Source: CDC. National Center for Health Statistics. Interactive Summary Health Statistics for Adults. Percentage of receipt of influenza vaccine in the past 12 months for adults aged 18 and over, United States, 2023.
Adults age 18 and over who received the flu vaccine in the past 12 months, percentage, 2019–2021
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
47.051.70.9
Source: CDC. National Center for Health Statistics. Interactive Summary Health Statistics for Adults, by Detailed Race and Ethnicity. Percentage of receipt of influenza vaccine in the past 12 months for adults aged 18 and over, United States, 2019–2021.
Adults ages 18–65 who received a flu vaccination during the past 12 months, by Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander single race subgroup, crude percentage, 2014
PopulationPopulation /
All NH/PI Ratio		Population /
White Ratio
White36.30.9--
All NH/PI41.8--1.2
Native Hawaiian48.21.21.3
Pacific Islander38.60.91.1
Samoan33.70.80.9
Guamanian or Chamorro45.91.11.3
Other Pacific Islander37.60.91.0
Source: CDC, 2017. National Center for Health Statistics. Health Care Access and Utilization Among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Persons in the United States, 2014. Table 6.

Pneumonia

Adults age 18 and over who ever received the pneumococcal (pneumonia) vaccine, percentage, 2023
Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNative Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
16.928.80.6
Source: CDC. National Center for Health Statistics. Interactive Summary Health Statistics for Adults. Percentage of ever receiving a pneumonia (pneumococcal) vaccine for adults aged 18 and over, United States, 2023.
Adults age 18 and over who ever received the pneumococcal (pneumonia) vaccine, percentage, 2019–2021
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNative Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
23.229.10.8
Source: CDC. National Center for Health Statistics. Interactive Summary Health Statistics for Adults, by Detailed Race and Ethnicity. Percentage of ever receiving a pneumonia (pneumococcal) vaccine for adults aged 18 and over, United States, 2019–2021.
Adults age 65 and older who ever received the pneumococcal (pneumonia) vaccine, age-adjusted percentage, 2022
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
--69.1--
Source: CDC, 2024. Vaccination Coverage among Adults in the United States, National Health Interview Survey, 2022. Table 1. Estimated proportion of adults aged ≥19 years who ever received pneumococcal vaccination by age, increased-risk status and race and ethnicity.
Adults age 65 and older who had ever received a pneumonia vaccine, by Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander single race subgroup, age-sex-adjusted percentage, 2014
PopulationPopulation /
All NH/PI Ratio		Population /
White Ratio
White63.91.2--
All NH/PI54.1--0.8
Native Hawaiian47.70.90.7
Pacific Islander69.41.31.1
Samoan43.50.80.7
Guamanian or Chamorro78.81.51.2
Other Pacific Islander74.01.41.2
Source: CDC, 2017. National Center for Health Statistics. Health Care Access and Utilization Among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Persons in the United States, 2014. Table 8.
Adults ages 19–64 at increased risk who received the pneumococcal (pneumonia) vaccine, age-adjusted percentage, 2022
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
--24.0--
Source: CDC, 2024. Vaccination Coverage among Adults in the United States, National Health Interview Survey, 2022. Table 1. Estimated proportion of adults aged ≥19 years who ever received pneumococcal vaccination by age, increased-risk status and race and ethnicity.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Females ages 19–26 who ever received at least one dose of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, percentage, 2022
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
--60.5--
Source: CDC, 2024. Vaccination Coverage among Adults in the United States, National Health Interview Survey, 2022. Table 5. Estimated proportion of adults aged 19-26 years who received at least one dose of human papillomavirus (HPV vaccination, by age group, sex, and race and ethnicity.

Adolescents

Hepatitis B

Adolescents ages 13–17 who received at least three doses of the hepatitis B vaccine (HepB), percentage, 2023
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
--92.5--
Source: CDC. TeenVaxView Interactive.

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)

Adolescents ages 13–17 who received at least two doses of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, percentage, 2023
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
--92.8--
Source: CDC. TeenVaxView Interactive.

Tetanus-Diphtheria

Adolescents ages 13–17 who received at least one dose of the tetanus-diphtheria (Tdap) booster H, percentage, 2023
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
--88.9--
Source: CDC. TeenVaxView Interactive.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Adolescents who received recommended doses of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, percentage, 2021
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
82.754.81.5
Source: CDC. National Immunization Survey-Teen. Healthy People 2030. Adolescents receiving recommended doses of the HPV vaccine by Race/Ethnicity, 2018–2021.

Children

Diphtheria-Tetanus (DTAP)

Children born in 2020 who received at least 4 doses of the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine by age 24 months, percentage
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
71.083.40.9
Source: CDC, 2023. Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2019 and 2020—National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2020–2022. Supplementary Table 1.

Haemophilus Influenza Type B (HIB)

Children born in 2020 who received the full series (at least 3 doses of the primary and at least 4 doses of the booster dose) of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine by age 24 months, percentage
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
75.579.60.9
Source: CDC, 2023. Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2019 and 2020—National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2020–2022. Supplementary Table 1.

Hepatitis B

Children born in 2020 who received at least 3 doses of the hepatitis B (Hep B) vaccine by age 24 months, percentage
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
79.292.40.9
Source: CDC, 2023. Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2019 and 2020—National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2020–2022. Supplementary Table 1.

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella

Children born in 2020 who received at least 1 dose of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine by age 24 months, percentage
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
80.992.20.9
Source: CDC, 2023. Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2019 and 2020—National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2020–2022. Supplementary Table 1.

Polio

Children born in 2020 who received at least 3 doses of the polio vaccine by age 24 months, percentage
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
84.393.70.9
Source: CDC, 2023. Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2019 and 2020—National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2020–2022. Supplementary Table 1.

Varicella (Chicken Pox)

Children born in 2020 who received at least 1 dose of the varicella (chicken pox) vaccine by age 24 months, percentage
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
86.391.70.9
Source: CDC, 2023. Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2019 and 2020—National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2020–2022. Supplementary Table 1.

Fully Immunized

Children born in 2020 who were fully immunized (combined 7-vaccine series) by age 24 months, percentage
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific IslanderNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander /
Non-Hispanic White Ratio
59.670.90.8
Source: CDC, 2023. Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2019 and 2020—National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2020–2022. Supplementary Table 1.

1 CDC. National Center for Health Statistics. Interactive Summary Health Statistics for Adults. Percentage of ever receiving a pneumonia (pneumococcal) vaccine for adults aged 18 and over, United States, 2023. (Back to top)

2 CDC, 2023. Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2019 and 2020—National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2020–2022. Supplementary Table 1. (Back to top)

3 CDC. National Immunization Survey-Teen. Healthy People 2030. Adolescents receiving recommended doses of the HPV vaccine by Race/Ethnicity, 2018–2021. (Back to top)